Dimmuborgir Lava Field
Dimmuborgir, often referred to as the "Dark Castles," is an expansive lava field located near Lake Mývatn in northern Iceland. This extraordinary natural formation is a labyrinth of towering lava pillars, arches, and caves, created by a volcanic eruption around 2,300 years ago. The lava flowed over a marshy area, and as the molten rock cooled and hardened, it formed the eerie and dramatic shapes that can be seen today.
The landscape of Dimmuborgir is unique and otherworldly, often compared to a mythical or enchanted place. In Icelandic folklore, Dimmuborgir is said to be the home of trolls and other mythical beings, adding to its mysterious allure. The area is also rich in flora, with mosses, small shrubs, and flowers that add a touch of color to the dark, rocky landscape where visitors can explore various walking paths that wind through the lava formations, each offering different perspectives and stunning views of this natural wonder.
Dimmuborgir Lava Field Facts
Dimmuborgir is a geologically significant site with unique volcanic formations. Below are some key facts about the lava field:
- Area size: Approximately 1-2 square kilometers
- Formation: Created over 2,300 years ago by a massive volcanic eruption
- Lava thickness: The lava flow is estimated to be around 10 meters thick
- History: Formed by a lava lake trapped in a lava tube; the top solidified while the bottom drained out, leaving behind these distinctive lava formations
- Time to visit: Visitors typically spend 2-3 hours exploring the trails and formations
Geology and Formation
Dimmuborgir emerged from the volcanic eruption of the Þrengslaborgir and Lúdentarborgir crater row, with its lava flowing to the lowland area of Mývatn. As the front of the lava flow advanced, a lava lake was created that partially subsided, coagulating into hollow pillars and formations, each unique in kind. These pillars formed when steam from trapped water created openings in the molten lava and where the solidified crust above collapsed in some areas, forming caves and arches. Also interesting in structure, the lava field resembles a collapsed magma chamber, which is seldom seen anywhere on Earth.
Dimmuborgir consists of big formations of lava rock; some of them reach as high as 20 meters. Its formations give the area a resemblance to ancient ruins, by which it got its name, meaning "dark castles" or "dark fortresses." It is a wonder of geology and testimony to the powerful volcanic forces that have shaped Iceland.
What to Expect at Dimmuborgir
Dimmuborgir is where visitors see an unforgettable view of a landscape dominated by tall lava pillars, caves, and rugged outcroppings. A number of trails, each well-marked, of various lengths, take visitors through the area to fascinating explorations and photography spots. The trails range from short 20-minute walks to longer 1-hour hikes.
In the Dimmuborgir area, while walking through, there are the main lava formations; among them "Kirkjan" (The Church), a cave that reminds one of a church nave, and many other formations that give a fantastic impression of another world. The area is also home to rich plant life, including mosses and small shrubs, unique species thriving in volcanic conditions.
The hiking area is relatively easy to get around, with paths of all difficulties. The longest trail is about 2-3 km and takes about 1-2 hours depending on your pace and how many stops you make along the way to enjoy the view. Along the trails are information signs explaining aspects of the geological history and folklore associated with Dimmuborgir.
Dimmuborgir Church (Kirkjan)
One of the great attractions within the lava field is the big lava tube cave "Kirkjan," hollowed out by the flow of the lava. The inside of the cave is reminiscent of a vaulted church, which explains the name. Arched walls and a high ceiling — the Kirkjan is a must site to explore for every guest. It is located along one of the shorter hiking paths and is a great spot for photography and to take in the impressive natural architecture.
Dimmuborgir Location
Dimmuborgir is situated in the Mývatn region in northern Iceland. Its precise location is just south of Lake Mývatn, making it easily accessible for visitors exploring this scenic area. The GPS coordinates for Dimmuborgir are:
- Coordinates: 65°35'28.8"N 16°54'44.3"W
How to Get There?
Getting to Dimmuborgir is relatively easy if you're exploring the Mývatn area. From Reykjavík, the drive is about 6 hours (480 km) via Route 1 (the Ring Road). From Akureyri, it’s a 1 hour drive (90 km), also along Route 1. Once you reach the Mývatn area, there are well marked signs guiding you to Dimmuborgir.
For those visitors not driving, there are also guided tours around Iceland that include Dimmuborgir as part of the itinerary.
Parking and Facilities
Dimmuborgir has a designated parking area for visitors, which is free of charge. The parking lot is just a short walk from the entrance to the lava fields, making it easily accessible. There are also basic facilities on-site, including restrooms and an information board that provides maps and details about the hiking routes.
During winter, Dimmuborgir remains accessible, but be sure to wear appropriate clothing and footwear, as the paths can become icy. Even in winter, the unique snow-covered formations are worth the visit.